Abdulsalam Bileid Khalleefah, Misbah Abdullah Abdalqadir, Abdalssam Abdagelil Salem. Towards a New Theory of Civil Liability in the Context of Artificial Intelligence Systems and the Challenges of Reforming the Traditional Theory. alhaq. 2025;12(1):754-770. doi:10.58916/alhaq.v12i1.408