الوضع القانوني للشركات العسكرية والأمنية الخاصة في القانون الدولي الإنساني
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58916/alhaq.vi.266الكلمات المفتاحية:
الشركات الأمنية ، خصخصة الأمن ، النزاعات المسلحة ، الانتهاكات الجسيمة ، المسؤولية الجنائية.الملخص
مع انتشار ظاهرة خصخصة الحرب والأمن ، أصبحت الشركات العسكرية والأمنية الخاصة من أبرز سمات النظام الدولي الجديد خاصة مع اتساع نشاطها في الآونة الأخيرة وكثرة استعانة الدول بها وبخدمات موظفيها ، للقيام بأعمال كانت بالأمس القريب حكراً على الدول وجيوشها النظامية ، كما أن كثرة تواجد هذه الشركات في المناطق التي تشهد نزاعات مسلحة دولية أو غير دولية يؤدي إلى الاحتكاك بأشخاص يحميهم القانون الدولي الإنساني فهي بذلك عرضة وموظفيها إلى مخالفة وانتهاك القواعد التي تحمي هؤلاء ، وبالتالي قيام المسؤولية عن تلك الانتهاكات التي قد يرتكبونها أو يأمرون بارتكابها.
التنزيلات
المراجع
First: Books:
Taiba Jawad Muhammad Mukhtar - Legal Regulation of Private Security Companies - A Study in Public International Law, 1st ed., Ghermin Legal and Literary Publications, Beirut 2018.
Faisal Iyad Faraj Allah, State Responsibility for Violations of Private International Military and Security Companies in Light of International Humanitarian Law, 1st ed., Al-Halabi Legal Publications, Beirut / Lebanon 2013.
Second: Scientific Theses:
Talib Rabia, The Impact of Private Military and Security Companies on International Relations after the Cold War, Master's Thesis, University of Mohamed Boudiaf / Algeria, 2018.
Nimer Muhammad Al-Shahwan, The Problem of Mercenaries in Armed Conflicts, Master's Thesis in Public Law, Middle East University, Jordan 2012
Third: Articles and Research:
Amna Amhamdi Bouzina, Application of International Humanitarian Law to Private Military and Security Companies, Journal of Legal and Political Sciences, Volume 11, Issue (Second), 2020.
Khaled Khalif, Private Military Companies as a Version of Mercenaries, Ab’ad Magazine, University of Oran / Algeria, Issue 7, 2008 AD
Khadija Arsan, Private Security Companies in Light of International Humanitarian Law, Damascus University Journal of Economic and Legal Sciences, Volume 28, Issue (First). 2012 AD
Riyahi Taher, The Crisis of Adapting the Legal Status of Private Military Companies in International Law, Academy of Social and Human Studies, Issue 18, 2007 AD
Khamili Sahra, Criminal Responsibility for Mercenary Activities According to the Law of Armed Conflict, Communication in Economics and Law, Issue 51, 2017 AD
Taleb Yassin, Private Military and Security Companies and Their Role as an Influential Actor in International Relations, Annals of Algeria - Issue 34, Part Four. 2018 AD
Abbas Walid, Military and Security Companies and Their Responsibility for Violations of the Rules of Public International Law, Annals of Algeria, Volume 34, Issue (Third), 2020 AD.
Ali Hamza Al-Khafaji, Legal Regulation of Criminal Liability of Private Security Companies, Journal of the University of Babylon, Volume 22, 2014 AD.
Ghabouli Mona, Legal Aspects of the Work of Private Military Companies in Light of International Humanitarian Law, Annals of the University of Algeria, Issue 34, Vol. 4, 2018 AD.
Farida Hamoum, Tahrawi Abdel Aziz, The Role of Private Military and Security Companies in Internal African Conflicts, Academic Journal of Legal and Political Research Volume 4, Issue (First), 2020 AD.
Lukal Maryam, Privatization of War and International Law from Mercenaries to Private Military and Security Companies, Journal of Comparative Legal Studies, Volume 7, Issue (First), 2021 AD.
Mustafa Al-Sayed Ahmed Abu Al-Khair, Legal Dimensions of Private Military and Security Companies, Journal of International Relations, Issue 4, 2011.
Maher Jamil Abu Khawat, Legal Status of Mercenaries and Employees of Private Military and Security Companies During Armed Conflicts, Journal of Sharia and Law Studies, Volume 39, Issue (First), 2012.
Fourth: International Agreements and Documents:
International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries, 2009. (Entered into force 2001)
Montreux Document, on International Legal Obligations and Good Practices of States Relevant to the Operations of Private Military and Security Companies During Armed Conflict, 2008.
Additional Protocol I to the Four Geneva Conventions of 1949.
Organization of African Unity Convention on the Elimination of Mercenarism in Africa, entered into force 1977.
United Nations Document No. (A / 43 / 44)
Fifth: Reports and Resolutions:
.1 Report of the Working Group on the Use of Mercenaries. Dated 7/20/2017 Document No. A/HRC 47/36/
Sixth: Articles and publications on websites.
. https://nabd.com/s/134527310-b296f1/1. American Amintium in Libya - American Training and Support
Badr Shafei, Private Security Companies - Causes, Functions and Consequences, Al-Araby Al-Jadeed, 2014 Article published on https://www.alaraby.co.uk Link:
التنزيلات
منشور
إصدار
القسم
كيفية الاقتباس
